Codeine

Morphine is an opiate which is used as pain medication. It is Schedule II controlled substance. Codeine is an opiate medication used as effective pain drug as well as a component of cough medications. Codeine is Schedule II controlled substance. Oxycodone is opioid pain medication. It is Schedule II controlled substance. Cocaine is a strong stimulant mostly used as recreational drug. It is Schedule II controlled substance. Hydrocodone is an opioid derived from codeine and one of the opioid alkaloids in opium poppy. It is a narcotic analgesic. Hydrocodone is used to treat moderate to severe pain. It is Schedule II controlled substance. Analysis of drugs of abuse and controlled substances is an important task. All 5 compounds are hydrophobic and basic in nature, thye retain on Coresep 100 column by combination of reversed-phase and cation-exchange mechanisms. Amount of ACN, buffer pH and buffer concentration can be used to adjust retention time and selectivity of this separation. The method can be used for analysis of illegal drugs and controlled substances in formulations and biofluids. The method is fully compatible with mass spectrometry. Core-shell mixed-mode columns offer combination of unique selectivity and high efficiency while using regular equipment.

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Conditions of Experiment

Column:	Coresep 100
Separation Modes:	hydrogen-bonding and cation-exchange
Column Dimenstions:	3.0 x 100 mm
Mobile Phase:	ACN gradient from 50% to 80%, AmFm pH 3 from 20 mM to 40 mM in 10 min
Detection:	UV 275 nm
Sample:	0.3 mg/ml
Injection:	1 uL
Flow rate:	1 mL/min

Analytes

Class of compounds:	Aromatic base, Controlled substance, Drug, Illegal drug
Nature of compounds:	Basic, Hydrophobic
Compounds:	Morphine, Codeine, Oxycodone, Cocaine, Hydrocodone

Codeine is an opioid medication used for treatment of mild to moderate pain. Codeine is hydrophobic and basic in nature. It is retained on mixed-mode core-shell Coresep 100 HPLC column by combination of reversed-phase and cation-exchange mechanisms. Codeine is well retained with good peak shape. The column and the method can be used for analysis of codeine and other opioids in various sample matrices. This method is compatible with UV, ELSD, CAD and mass spec. Core-shell mixed-mode columns offer combination of unique selectivity and high efficiency while using regular equipment.

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Conditions of Experiment

Column:	Coresep 100
Separation Modes:	reversed-phase and cation-exchange
Column Dimenstions:	3.0 x 100 mm
Mobile Phase:	45% ACN with 20 mM AmFm pH 3
Detection:	UV 275 nm
Sample:	0.3 mg/ml
Injection:	1 uL
Flow rate:	0.8 mL/min

Analytes

Class of compounds:	Aromatic base, Controlled substance, Drug
Nature of compounds:	Basic, Hydrophobic
Compounds:	Codeine

Codeine/paracetamol, also known as codeine/acetaminophen or hydrocodone/APAP is the combination of an opioid pain medication, codeine, with paracetamol (acetaminophen). It is used as a prescription drug to relieve moderate to severe pain. It exists in tablet, elixir, and solution forms in various strengths for oral administration. Vicodin is Schedule II controlled substance. Codeine diversion and recreational use has escalated in recent years due to its opioid effects. Vicodin was analyzed with isocratic conditions to provide fast, reliable and robust method for analysis of both components of the drug combination - codeine and acetaminophen. Compounds are retained and separated on Heritage MA HPLC column in reversed-phase and cation-exclusion mechanisms. Retention time, selectivity and resolution between peaks can be adjusted by modification of amount of ACN, buffer and buffer pH. Various mobile phases can be used with Coresep 100 column to accommodate different detection techniques (UV, MS, CAD, ELSD detection).

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Conditions of Experiment

Column:	Heritage MA
Separation Modes:	reversed-phase and cation-exclusion
Column Dimenstions:	4.6 x 150 mm
Mobile Phase:	5% ACN with 50 mM AmAc pH 4
Detection:	UV 275 nm
Sample:	0.3 mg/ml
Injection:	3 uL
Flow rate:	1 mL/min

Analytes

Class of compounds:	Aromatic base, Aromatic compound, Controlled substance, Drug
Nature of compounds:	Basic, Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic, Neutral
Compounds:	Codeine, Acetaminophen

Codeine, oxycodone and hydrocodone are opioids used to treat pain. These three drugs can be used in combination with other medications, such as acetaminophen and NSAIDs drugs. All three compounds are narcotic analgesics. Codeine is also used as an additive to drug formulations for suppression of cough. All three compounds are basic and hydrophobic in nature. They were separated on the Coresep 100 mixed-mode column through combination of strong reversed-phase and strong cation-exchange mechanisms. The retention time, resolution and peak shape are controlled by the amount of organic, buffer pH and buffer concentration. Various mobile phases can be used with the Coresep 100 column to accommodate multiple detection techniques. UV transparent buffers can be replaced with volatile buffers for MS, ELSD or CAD detection. Core-shell mixed-mode columns provide great combination of unique selectivity, speed and efficiency.

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Conditions of Experiment

Column:	Coresep 100
Separation Modes:	reversed-phase and cation-exchange
Column Dimenstions:	3.2 x 50 mm, 2.7 um, 90A
Mobile Phase:	MeCN 20% with 0.1% phosphoric acid
Detection:	UV 275 nm
Sample:	0.1-0.3 mg/ml
Injection:	1 uL
Flow rate:	0.6 mL/min

Analytes

Class of compounds:	Aromatic base, Controlled substance, Drug
Nature of compounds:	Basic, Hydrophobic
Compounds:	Codeine, Oxycodone, Hydrocodone