Nitrate ion
Artesian water is renowned for its purity and mineral content, making it a desirable source of drinking water for many. Accurate quantification of anions in artesian water is essential for ensuring water quality and compliance with regulatory standards. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (ELSD) provides a robust method for the analysis of anions in artesian water. In this study, we describe the ELSD HPLC analysis of common anions in artesian water utilizing an Amaze HA mixed-mode column. Chloride is one of the most abundant anions found in natural waters, including artesian water. It is derived from the dissolution of salts such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride. Chloride levels in water are monitored closely as high concentrations can indicate contamination or seawater intrusion. Sulfate is another prevalent anion present in artesian water, originating from the weathering of minerals containing sulfur compounds. It is a key parameter in assessing water quality, as elevated sulfate levels can result from natural processes or anthropogenic activities such as mining and industrial discharge. Nitrate and nitrite are important anions that can occur in artesian water due to agricultural runoff, wastewater discharge, and atmospheric deposition. Elevated nitrate levels in drinking water pose health risks, particularly to infants and pregnant women, as they can lead to methemoglobinemia, also known as "blue baby syndrome." Analysis of anions in artesian water is crucial for ensuring water quality and safety for consumption. Monitoring anion levels allows for early detection of contamination, enabling timely intervention and remediation efforts. Regulatory agencies establish maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for various anions in drinking water to protect public health and prevent adverse effects. Routine analysis of anions helps water authorities and environmental agencies maintain compliance with regulatory standards and ensure the sustainability of water resources.. The ELSD HPLC analysis of anions in artesian water on the Amaze HA mixed-mode column provides a reliable method for assessing water quality and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. This approach offers high sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility, making it suitable for routine monitoring and environmental analysis. By accurately quantifying common anions such as chloride, sulfate, nitrate, and nitrite, this method aids in safeguarding public health and preserving the integrity of artesian water sources for generations to come.
Column: | Amaze HA |
Separation Modes: | Anion-exchange |
Column Dimenstions: | 3x100 mm, 3 um, 100 A |
Mobile Phase: | ACN/water/Ammonium formate pH 3 |
Detection: | ELSD, 40*C |
Sample: | various-various mg/ml |
Injection: | 3 uL |
Flow rate: | 0.6 ml/min |
Class of compounds: | Inorganic acid, Inorganic anion, Organic acid |
Nature of compounds: | Acidic, Hydrophilic, Polar |
Compounds: | Phosphate Ion, Chloride Ion, Nitrate ion, Sulfate ion |
Column: | Amaze TCH |
Separation Modes: | HILIC, anion-exchange, cations-exchange |
Column Dimenstions: | 3.0x100 mm, 3 um, 100A |
Mobile Phase: | ACN from 75% to 30%, AmFm from 40 mM pH 4.0 to 40 mM pH 2.5 |
Detection: | ELSD |
Sample: | 0.3-0.5 mg/ml |
Injection: | 3 uL |
Flow rate: | 0.6 ml/min |
Class of compounds: | Contaminant, Inorganic acid, Inorganic anion, Inorganic cation, Organic acid |
Nature of compounds: | Acidic, Basic, Hydrophilic, Polar |
Compounds: | Iodide ion, Nitrate ion, Bromide ion, Bromate Ion, Calcium ion, Persulfate ion, Magnesium ion, Phosphate Ion, Nickel ion, Copper ion, Zinc ion, Barium ion |
Column: | Amaze TH, Amaze HD |
Separation Modes: | HILIC, cation-exchange, anion-exchange, anion-exclusion |
Column Dimenstions: | 3.0x100 mm, 3 μm, 100A |
Mobile Phase: | 85% ACN with 30 mM AmFm pH 3 |
Detection: | Corona CAD |
Sample: | 1 mg/ml |
Injection: | 2 μL |
Flow rate: | 0.6 ml/min |
Class of compounds: | Amines, Aromatic base, Inorganic anion, Inorganic cation, Organic acid |
Nature of compounds: | Acidic, Basic, Hydrophilic, Polar |
Compounds: | Nitrate ion, Chloride Ion, Guanidine, Sodium ion |
Nitrates and nitrites are polar inorganic ions. Nitrates are mainly used as fertilizers and as the oxidizing agents in the production of explosives. Both nitrates and nitrites are used as food additives/components. Both ions are considered toxic and methods for determination in various samples are very critical for examples in food safety. We have developed a simple mixed-mode approach to separate and analyze these two ions in one run. Both ions have good UV activity and a UV detector can be used for monitoring these two ions during the elution from the Heritage MA mixed-mode HPLC column. This method is also compatible with MS, ELSD and CAD detection, and can be used for analysis of acidic organic and inorganic ions in one run. The retention time is adjusted by the buffer pH and buffer concentration.
Column: | Heritage MA |
Separation Modes: | anion-exchange |
Column Dimenstions: | 4.6x150 mm, 3 um, 100A |
Mobile Phase: | 60% ACN with 60 mM AmFm pH 3 |
Detection: | UV 255 nm |
Sample: | 0.5 mg/ml |
Injection: | 3 uL |
Flow rate: | 1 ml/min |
Class of compounds: | Inorganic anion, Organic acid |
Nature of compounds: | Acidic, Hydrophilic, Polar |
Compounds: | Nitrite ion, Nitrate ion |
Nitrates and nitrites are polar inorganic ions. Nitrates are mainly used as fertilizers and as oxidizing agents in the production of explosives. Both nitrates and nitrites are used as food additives/components. Both ions are considered toxic and methods for determination* in various samples are very critical for examples in food safety. We have developed a simple, mixed-mode approach to separate and analyze these two ions in one run. ELSD was used for monitoring these two ions during the elution from the Heritage MA mixed-mode HPLC column. This method is also compatible with MS, ELSD and CAD detection, and can be used for the analysis of acidic organic and inorganic ions in one run. Nitrate and nitrite are retained by an ion-exchange mechanism at low organic concentration (below 60% ACN). The retention time is adjusted by the buffer pH and buffer concentration. The ions are retained by the combination of HILIC and anion-exchange when more than 60% of ACN is used. The amount of ACN, buffer pH and buffer concentration will affect elution, retention and resolution of separation
Column: | Amaze TH |
Separation Modes: | anion-exchange |
Column Dimenstions: | 4.6x150 mm 5 um, 100A |
Mobile Phase: | 20% ACN with 20 mM AmAc pH 4 |
Detection: | ELSD |
Sample: | 1 mg/ml |
Injection: | 3 uL |
Flow rate: | 1 ml/min |
Class of compounds: | Inorganic anion, Organic acid |
Nature of compounds: | Acidic, Hydrophilic, Polar |
Compounds: | Nitrite ion, Nitrate ion |